1 , How did European society change as a result? Discuss all that apply. 

2 , Explain the consequences of all of these changes, particularly noticeable in the Italian Peninsula. Discuss all that apply.

3. Who is Pope Gregory VII? What reforms did he implement? Discuss the reforms that came from outside the Papacy as well. 

4,   Summarize the Investiture Conflict and explain the consequences of the conflict.

5,   Besides the Pope, what can you say about other European rulers, such as the Capetian dynasty ruling in France, the kings of Spain and Portugal, and William the Conqueror and his English descendants?

6 ,The period from c. 1250 to c. 1350 is one of “Tensions and Reconciliations” according to Rosenwein. Discuss the economic, religious, and intellectual developments of this period.

7 , Christopher Columbus trans-Atlantic voyage to the New World in 1492 was part of a trend already evident since the thirteenth century. Explain. 

8,  Europe experience a flourishing in learning, spiritual movements, a building boom, and a variety of artistic in writing, music, and art. Identify and discuss these developments in the periods from 1050-1150, 1150 to 1250, 1250 to 1350, and 1350-1500.